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From childhood, the bonds we form shape how we interact with the world around us. By learning about attachment styles, you can increase self-awareness and develop healthier relationships.
Have you ever wondered why you interact the way you do with friends, family members, and romantic partners? It all boils down to attachment theory, with psychologists John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, pioneers in the field, verywell mind reports. Attachment theory offers valuable insights into how we relate to others and can help with identifying patterns that might be affecting your connections.
The Four Attachment Styles
Why do some feel secure in their relationships, while others struggle with trust and getting close? Attachment theory can explain these differences through four types of attachment styles: anxious, avoidant, disorganized, and secure, according to The Australian Women’s Weekly.
Anxious Attachment Style
Anxious attachment involves a fear of abandonment and seeking constant reassurance, often stemming from inconsistent caregiving in childhood. As adults people with an anxious attachment style can be hypervigilant in relationships, seek validation, and become anxious when investment levels with a partner don’t match.
Avoidant Attachment Style
Those with avoidant attachment styles prioritize independence and distance themselves if intimacy feels threatening. “They’ve usually learned to foster independence most likely because their needs have been minimised by their primary caregiver as a child,” psychologist Jocelyn Brewer tells The Australian Women’s Weekly. Avoidants may downplay their partner’s feelings, withdraw, or end relationships to reclaim their freedom.
Disorganized Attachment Style
Those with a disorganized or fearful-avoidant attachment style exhibit anxious and avoidant behaviors, often due to abuse or trauma. This may cause them to feel distrustful and unworthy. Brewer adds they experience a fear of being hurt and a desire to please others, which can lead to mixed signals.
Secure Attachment Style
People with secure attachment styles have had their needs consistently met. As a result, they’re able to form safe and stable relationships. “That doesn’t mean they don’t have conflict, it’s that you have the skills to deal with differences without being fearful or dismissive,” said Brewer.
Tips to Improve Relationship Dynamics
Understanding your attachment style is just the beginning. You can improve your relationships by open communication, expressing your needs and feelings clearly, and building trust, verywell mind explains. Showing up for one another in meaningful ways including spending time together, also strengthens bonds. However, it’s also important to show up for yourself, nurture your individual needs, and prioritize self-care.
Seeking therapy can also help you identify unhealthy patterns. “If you're struggling, don’t hesitate to seek professional guidance,” Emily Zeller, a licensed marriage and family therapist shares with verywell mind.
Another helpful tip is to gain an understanding of relationship dynamics, The Times of India reports. For example, the pairing of an anxious attachment style, who seeks closeness, with an avoidant individual, who may need space, can be challenging. However, even with this pairing, a healthy relationship is possible through self-awareness, taking ownership of one’s own actions, and understanding each other’s needs. Lastly, having realistic expectations of one another is also key.
How to Become More Secure in a Relationship
Healthy relationships are possible for everyone through self-reflection and inner work. Attachment styles can also evolve over time, according to verywell mind. Moving from feeling insecure to secure in relationships is possible through the power of self-compassion and making the choice to surround yourself with positive and secure people.
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